Picture Gallery
Primary Sources
Bibliography
Coward, John C. The Newspaper Indian: Native American Identity in the Press, 1820-90. Champaign, 1999.
Gercken, Becca. “Manifest Meanings: The Selling (Not Telling) of American Indian History and the Case of ‘The Black Horse Ledger.’” American Indian Quarterly 34, no. 4 (2010): 521–39. https://doi.org/10.5250/amerindiquar.34.4.0521.
Nelson, Megan Kate. The Three-Cornered War: The Union, the Confederacy, and Native Peoples in the Fight for the West. New York, 2020.
Stevens, Scott Manning. “Other Homes, Other Fronts: Native America during the Civil War,” in Home Front: Daily Life in the Civil War North. Chicago, 2013.
On-line
Plains Indian Ledger Art (University of California, San Diego)
William T. Sherman Collection of Alexander Gardner Photographs (Smithsonian Institution)
The U.S. Dakota War Stories (Minnesota Historical Society)
Nation to Nation: Treaties Between the United States and American Indian Nations (Smithsonian Institution)
Photographs of North American Indians Albums (Princeton University Library)
Scott Manning Stevens (Akwesasne Mohawk), associate professor and Director of Native American and Indigenous Studies at Syracuse University, discusses the Civil War and Reconstruction era’s visual representations of Native Americans as subjects of savagery and vanishing. This talk took place on July 5, 2021, as part of the Visual Culture of the American Civil War and Its Aftermath, an NEH Summer Institute for College and University Faculty.